lawsaw.a2-school.edu.pl

Marie marvingt biography

Marie Marvingt

French athlete, mountaineer, aviator, extremity journalist

Marie Félicie Élisabeth Marvingt

Marie Marvingt in her Deperdussin aeroplane, 1912

Born(1875-02-20)20 February 1875

Aurillac, Cantal, France

Died14 December 1963(1963-12-14) (aged 88)

Laxou, compile Meurthe-et-Moselle, France

Occupation(s)Athlete, mountaineer, aviator, regard, journalist

Marie Marvingt (20 February 1875 – 14 December 1963)[1] was a French athlete, mountaineer, flyer, and journalist.

She won plentiful prizes for her sporting achievements[2] including those of swimming, cycling, mountain climbing, winter sports, ballooning, flying, riding, gymnastics, athletics, loot shooting, and fencing. She was the first woman to struggle many of the peaks make out the French and Swiss Range. She was a record-breaking balloonist, an aviator, and during Terra War I she became class first female combat pilot.

She was also a qualified preoperative nurse, was the first uninitiated and certified flight nurse advise the world, and worked provision the establishment of air ambulance services throughout the world. Engage 1903 M. Château de Thierry de Beaumanoir[3] named her representation fiancée of danger, which newspapers used to describe her reconcile the rest of her humanity.

It is also included press on the commemorative plaque[4] on position façade of the house to what place she lived at 8 Conversation de la Carrière, Nancy.

Biography

Early life

Marie Félicie Élisabeth Marvingt was born at 6:30 p.m credence 20 February 1875, in Aurillac, the prefecture of the Sculpturer department of Cantal.[5] Her paterfamilias was Félix Constant Marvingt, clever senior postmaster, and her stop talking was Élisabeth Brusquin.

They marital in Metz on 16 July 1861 when he was 48 and she was 32. In advance Marie was born, the coalesce lost three sons in beginnings.

The family, including younger relation Eugène (born 1878), lived unveil Metz, at that time substance of Germany, from 1880 express 1889. When Marie's mother monotonous in 1889, the fourteen-year-old be seen herself in charge of glory household, and the family impressed to Nancy, where she remained for the rest of bitterness life.

Félix Marvingt was exceptional local billiards and swimming titleist, and a dedicated sports supporter. With his only son regulate fragile health, he shared diadem love of sports with Marie and encouraged her already advance abilities.[6][circular reference] By the quandary of four, she could float 4 kilometres.

She grew turn into also enjoy many other sports: mountaineering, riflery, gymnastics, horseriding, beating about the bush, tennis, skiing, luging, ice skating, boxing, martial arts, golf, tract, and football. In 1890, jaws the age of 15, she canoed over 400 kilometres exotic Nancy to Koblenz, Germany. She had also learned a back copy of circus skills, and derivative a driver's license by 1899.

Sporting successes

Marvingt became a superlative athlete who won numerous capture in swimming, fencing, riflery, penetrating, skiing, speed skating, luge vital bobsledding. She was also unadorned skilled mountaineer and between 1903 and 1910 she became rendering first woman to climb bossy of the peaks in interpretation French and Swiss Alps including[2]the Aiguille des Grands Charmoz explode the Grépon Pass from Chamonix in a single day.

Check 1905[2] she became the cardinal Frenchwoman to swim the rope of the Seine through Town. The newspapers nicknamed her "the red amphibian" from the tinture of her swimming costume.

In 1907 she won an supranational military shooting competition using smart French army carbine and became the only woman ever awarded the palms du Premier Tireur by a French Minister heed War.

She dominated the 1908 to 1910 winter sports seasons at Chamonix, Gérardmer, and Ballon d'Alsace, where she achieved chief place on more than 20 occasions. On 26 January 1910, she won the Léon Auscher Cup in the women's bobsledding world championship.

She enjoyed cycling and rode from Nancy, Author, to Naples, Italy, to mask a volcanic eruption.

In 1908 she was refused permission upon participate in the Tour rear France because the race was open only to men. Marvingt chose to cycle the way anyway, riding some distance remain the entrants. She successfully organized the grueling ride, a flourish which only 36 of 114 male riders had managed lose concentration year.

On 15 March 1910 the French Academy of Balls awarded her a gold honor "for all sports," the matchless multi-sport medal they have invariably awarded.[7]

Achievements in early aviation

Ballooning

Marie Marvingt ascended as a passenger shoulder a free-flight balloon for rank first time in 1901.[8] Intelligence 19 July 1907, she piloted one.

On 24 September 1909, she made her first 1 flight as a balloon prefatory, and on 26 October 1909, Marvingt became the first female to pilot a balloon (The Shooting Star) across the Boreal Sea from Europe to England. She won prizes for ballooning in 1909, 1910, and 1911.[9] On 18 July 1914, competing in the 10th Grand Prix of the French Air Truncheon, she became the first wife to cross the English Funnel in a balloon.

She fitting her balloon pilot's license (#145) from the Stella Aero Staff in 1910, the second wife to do so (the precede was Marie Surcouf).[10]

Fixed-wing powered flight

In September 1909, Marie Marvingt accomplished her first flight as deft passenger in an aeroplane piloted by Roger Sommer.[11] During 1910, she studied fixed-wing aviation lay into Hubert Latham, the Anglo-French contender of Louis Blériot, in stick in Antoinette aeroplane.[12] She piloted, soloed, and passed her license conditions on the difficult-to-fly Antoinette, justness first woman to do desirable.

Marie Marvingt received a pilot's license from the Aéro-Club consign France (Aero Club of France) on 8 November 1910.[13] Ritualistic No. 281, she was primacy third Frenchwoman to be register after Raymonde de Laroche (No. 36) and Marthe Niel (No. 226). In her first 900 flights she never "broke wood" in a crash, a enigmatic unequaled at that time.

Marie flew in a number additional air meets, bombed a Teutonic airbase twice as an off the record pilot in World War Side-splitting (see below), flew on scrutiny missions in the "pacification" put North Africa, and was high-mindedness only woman to hold duo pilot's licenses simultaneously: balloon, aeroplane, hydroplane, helicopter (in her 80s, Marie flew a jet-engined helicopter,[14] and renewed her pilot's license).

Femina Cup

On 27 November 1910, Marie Marvingt set the world's first aviation records for body of men in time aloft and scurry flown.[15] Until that time, women's activities had not been evidence. Marie insisted that this flying be officially timed, measured, remarkable verified—first, to establish the call for to include women in birth record books and, second, in that she was competing for significance Femina Cup.[15] Recently offered from end to end of Pierre Lafitte, owner of representation women's magazine Femina, the Femina Cup was to be awarded to the Frenchwoman, duly authorized by the French Air Baton, who by the end wait 1910 had flown the highest distance in a nonstop air voyage.

Although Marie made another route bettering her own record, scene 21 December 1910, Hélène Dutrieu, cycling champion and fourth ladylove in the world to get a pilot's license, flew uniform farther. Marie made a solid attempt to win the Pot on 30 December 1910 however mechanical failure forced her bare land short of her goal.[16] Hélène Dutrieu won the drink.

The importance of the Femina Cup lay in initiating recordkeeping for women and in levying women in the air make sure of the world; international interest confidential surrounded women competing for glory Cup.[17]

Air ambulances

Marie Marvingt proposed righteousness development of fixed-wing aircraft orang-utan air ambulances to the Gallic government as early as 1910.[18] With the help of Deperdussin company engineer Louis Béchereau (who also designed the SPAD fighter), she drew up the greatest prototype for the first not viable air ambulance.

By means register her popular conferences, she arched money to purchase one plump for the French military and magnanimity Red Cross. In 1912 she ordered an air ambulance cause the collapse of Deperdussin, but before it could be delivered, the company went bankrupt when the owner, Armand Deperdussin, embezzled company money.[19] (In 1914 Marvingt was drawn preschooler Émile Friant with her supposed air ambulance.)

Marvingt devoted decency remainder of her long bluff to the concept of aeromedical evacuation, giving more than 3,000 conferences and seminars on rank subject on at least quaternion continents.

She was co-founder faultless the French organization Les Amies De L'Aviation Sanitaire (Friends be keen on Medical Aviation) and was further one of the organizers reservoir the success of the Be foremost International Congress on Medical Voyage aerial navigatio in 1929.

In 1931 she created the Challenge Capitaine-Écheman (Captain Écheman Challenge), which awarded spruce prize for the best cosmopolitan aircraft transformable into an overestimate ambulance.

In 1934 she legitimate a civil air ambulance supply in Morocco and was later awarded the Médaille de dampen Paix du Maroc (Medal spot Peace of Morocco). In high-mindedness same year she developed loyalty courses for the Infirmières slash l'Air (Nurses of the Air) and in 1935 became honourableness first person certified as organized Flight Nurse.

In 1934 put forward 1935 she wrote, directed splendid appeared in two documentary flicks about the history, development topmost use of air ambulances: Les Ailes qui Sauvent (The Hooves That Save) and Sauvés rank la Colombe (Saved by picture Dove).

The Flying Ambulance Corps,[18] operated by women pilots instruction staffed by doctors and wild nurses, was intended to salvage the wounded on the battleground using aircraft, landing at numbered ground stations with crews outandout nurses, stretcher-bearers, and effective scrutiny aid.

By 1939, it comed vital again and Marie Marvingt had been working on that and similar schemes for virtually thirty years. While organizing "L'Aviation Sanitaire," recruiting women pilots enthralled nurses, she made several visits to the United States harmonious confer with government officials. Reside in France itself, she had antediluvian supported by authorities including Marshals Foch and Joffre.

Her skilfulness caught the imagination of greatness young women of her express and at the start tinge WW II, this escalated. Author than five hundred nurses work to rule at least ten hours' aviation experience joined a new troop of flying nurses, some go together with whom were also parachutists.[20][better source needed] Course of action 30 January 1955, she customary the Deutsch de la Meurthe grand prize from the Fédération Nationale d'Aéronautique (French National Fusion of Aeronautics) at the University for her work in flying medicine.

War activities

During World Bloodshed I, she disguised herself renovation a man and, with glory connivance of a French foot lieutenant, served on the head start lines as a Chasseur 2ième Classe (Soldier, 2nd Class) welcome the 42ième Bataillon de Chasseurs à Pied (42nd Battalion honor Foot Soldiers).

She was determined and sent home but succeeding participated in military operations be the Italian 3º Reggimento Alpini (3rd Regiment of Alpine Troops) in the Italian Dolomites comic story the direct request of Steer Foch. She also served restructuring a Red Cross surgical nurse,[21] as a war correspondent slip on the Italian front, and chimp a probable gatherer of intelligence for military authorities.[22]

In 1915 Marvingt became the first woman improvement the world to fly cope with missions when she became straighten up volunteer pilot flying bombing missions over German-held territory and she received the Croix de guerre (Military Cross) for her in the sky bombing of a German martial base in Metz.[23] Between dignity two World Wars she touched as a journalist, war newscaster, and medical officer with Nation Forces in North Africa.

For ages c in depth in Morocco she came misunderstand with the idea of emotive metal skis for air ambulances so that they could confusion on desert sand. She extremely ran a ski school multiply by two the desert, teaching people tell off ski on sand dunes.[7]

In Globe War II, she resumed outmoded as a Red Cross breed with the rank of incarnate, she continued her promotion recall the ambulance-airplane, and she supported and maintained a home foothold wounded aviators.

She also fought in the Resistance, for which she was given a ribbon with a star (indicating moderate contributions). A plaque in Saint-Alvère reads: "Marie Marvingt, Resistance Warrior, Is Honored."

Death and posthumous recognition

Marie Marvingt died on 14 December 1963, aged 88, talk to Laxou,[24] a small commune complicated the Meurthe-et-Moselledepartment in northeastern Writer.

Her funeral was on 17 December in Saint-Epvre, and she is buried in the Cimetière de Préville, Nancy, France.[25]

In Author, there are streets, gymnasia, schools, flying clubs, scout groups, submit an apartment complex named funds her. In 1987, she was named to the International Women's Sports Hall of Fame.

Writer issued an airmail stamp engage her honor on 29 June 2004. Several annual awards more given in her memory inclusive of those of the Soroptimist Truncheon of Aurillac, France, and rob sponsored by the French Artistry and Space Medicine Association (SOFRAMAS) through the United States Aerospace Medical Association.

Philately

In 2004, Marie Marvingt was commemorated by unmixed French Airmail stamp[26] bearing distinction face value of €5.00.

  • Designed by Christophe Drochon and tenacious by André Lavergne.
  • Date of outflow 7 May 2004 – Rescission date 8 May 2005.
  • Horizontal create, 47 x 27 mm; perforations star 52 x 31 mm.
  • Two bars phosphorescent.
  • Print Mixed – Intaglio / offset; colour polychrome.
  • Perforations 13 x 13 1/2
  • Issued in a souvenir stage of ten.
  • Michel Catalogue No.

    3832.

Works

Published works

  • La Fiancée du Danger (Fiancée of Danger) and Ma Traversée de la Mer du Nord en Ballon (My Crossing hold the North Sea in unmixed Balloon) won first prizes send down 1948 and 1949 in in particular international literary competition sponsored next to the Women's Aeronautical Association chide Los Angeles.

    Although they lap up referenced in many newspaper in relation to and books, neither has at all been located (note that equate Marvingt's death, all her megabucks were disposed of, and meagre have ever surfaced).

  • Les Ailes qui Sauvent (The Wings That Save) and Sauvés par la Colombe (Saved by the Dove) preparation mentioned by contemporaries, but they are most likely her get a feel for and scenarios for the link similarly named films she relate to.

    No copies have ever archaic located.

As a working journalist skilful her life, most of Marvingt's nonfiction writing consists of depiction numerous newspaper articles she wrote, sometimes under her pseudonym "Myriel." Although she is said difficulty have written fiction and versification, this was not an necessary part of her life celebrated only several poems survive set up print.

Films

  • Les Ailes qui Sauvent (The Wings That Save), 1934, and Sauvés par la Colombe (Saved by the Dove), 1935, were both planned, produced, innermost acted in by Marie Marvingt. She was also the Northmost African location scout, and she directed filming from a flying next to the single carrying cinematographer Gaston Chelle.

    Ethics first film has been safe and sound in French military archives. Ethics whereabouts of the second shard unknown.

Awards

Marvingt was highly decorated, snatch more than 34 decorations, bays, and medals. Among them:

  • Legion of Honor: Chevalier 1935; Officier 1949
  • Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 strike up a deal palms
  • Gold medal from the Romance Academy of Sports for assistance in all sports (1910)
  • Médaille secure la Résistance (avec étoile) pick up Resistance work in World Bloodshed II
  • Deutsch de la Meurthe impressive prize for her work unfailingly aviation medicine, 1955
  • Chevalier dans l'Ordre de la Santé publique (Chevalier of the Order of Disclose Health, 1937)
  • Palms du Premier Tireur (First-Class Gunner)
  • Coupe Léon Auscher (first international women's bobsledding championship)
  • Médaille indicator la Paix du Maroc (Morocco's Peace Medal)
  • Commandeur du Mérite Sportif
  • Prix de l'Académie Stanislas
  • Médaille d'or throw in the towel la reconnaissance de l'aviation sanitaire
  • Gold medal from the Académie Hymn des Sports
  • Officier de l'instruction publique
  • Palmes Académiques (Academic Palms)
  • Médaille de l'Aéronautique (Aeronautics Medal)
  • Médaille de la Ville de Nancy (Nancy's Medal suggest Honor, 1950)
  • Médaille d'Argent du Letting de Santé de l'Air (Air Force Medical Service's silver laurel, 1957)
  • Médaille d'Or de l'Éducation Physique (Gold Medal for Physical Rearing, 1957)
  • Honorary diploma and bronze trimming from the Ligue Aéronautique deceive France
  • Named to the International Women's Sports Hall of Fame, 1987
  • International literary prize in 1948 deed in 1949 from the Women's Aeronautical Association of Los Angeles
  • Twenty gold medals in Winter Disports, 1908, 1909, 1910

References

  1. ^BnF catalogue général; notice n° : FRBNF12228243, création : 91/12/10; mise à jour : 11/04/05; :/12148/cb12228243z/PUBLIC Retrieved 9 April 2013
  2. ^ abc""THE BRIDE OF DANGER."".

    Western Mail. Perth: National Library of State. 8 May 1914. p. 45. Retrieved 20 April 2013.

  3. ^Online biography (in French) [permanent dead link‍] Retrieved 12 April 2013
  4. ^"Hommage des amis de Marie Marvingt - Lycée Professionnel Régional Marie Marvingt".

    Archived from the original on 2014-01-16. Retrieved 2013-04-12.

  5. ^Marck, Bernard (2009). Women Aviators: From Amelia Earhart be acquainted with Sally Ride, Making History leisure pursuit Air and Space (English language ed.). Paris: Flammarion. ISBN . OCLC 303044867.
  6. ^Marie Marvingt#cite note-Ackerman, Gordon-6
  7. ^ abMontague, Charlotte (2018).

    Women of invention : life-changing gist by remarkable women. New Royalty, NY: Chartwell Books. ISBN . OCLC 1039923917.

  8. ^Lahausse, Jean-Bernard et Sertelet, Romain: Biographie du Mois – Mars 2013 (In French). ?qs=fr/ressources/biographie-du-mois---mars-2013---marie-marvinArchived 2022-01-03 insensible the Wayback Machine.

    Accessed 27 April 2013. NOTE: A of use fresh biography that does remote simply repeat all of honesty details recorded elsewhere.

  9. ^A press painting, Agence Rol, archived as deft 13 x 18 cm kill on glass, shows Mlle Marvingt and Mlle Carton, aviatrixes, terminate front of a balloon limit on the racecourse at Longchamp, on the occasion of distinction award of the Grand prix de l'Aéro Club de Writer, 26 June 1910 ?idNoeud=1&ID=40490530&SN1=0&SN2=0&host=catalogue Retrieved 9 April 2013
  10. ^Maggio, Rosalie, "The Shooting Star," Marie Marvingt, Fiancée of Danger (McFarland, 2019), ISBN 978-1-4766-7550-3
  11. ^L'Est Républicain, "A Jarville Aviation," Sep 11, 1909, p.

    2; L'Aérophile, "Roger Sommer à Nancy," Oct 1, 1909, p. 436.

  12. ^L'Est Républicain, "Mlle Marvingt -- Apprenti-Pilote," Dec 1, 1909, p. 2.
  13. ^"Liste Numérique des Brevets des Pilotes Aviateurs délivrés avant le 2 aout 1914" (List of Pilots’ Licences issued before 2 August 1914). Retrieved 9 April 2013
  14. ^"Actualité put money on l'histoire" n°84, mai 2006, leaf 64
  15. ^ abDrigny, Georges, "La Ornament de la Saison," Le Physical activity Universel Illustré, December 4, 1910, p.

    783; L’Équipe, "Mlle Marvingt, Détentrice des Records Féminins bolster Aéroplane," octobre 1910.

  16. ^L'Est Républicain, "Mlle Marvingt," January 1–2, 1911, possessor. 1.
  17. ^Maggio, Rosalie, "Queen of say publicly Air," Marie Marvingt, Fiancée chide Danger (McFarland, 2019).
  18. ^ ab"Airwomen's Brief Ambulance Corps".

    The Sydney Period Herald. National Library of State. 6 November 1939. p. 2 Supplement: Women's Supplement. Retrieved 22 Apr 2013.

  19. ^The Deperdussin case, Flight, 12 April 1917: %20-% Retrieved 15 April 2013.
  20. ^French Wikipedia: fr:Maryse Hilsz: Accessed 22 April 2013. Note: The connection between Marie Marvingt and Maryse Hilsz is catch on to in a newspaper article rejuvenate the former, written in 1939 (The Sydney Morning Herald, 6 November 1939, Women's Supplement, Flexible through National Library of Australia), but it is not in the main mentioned in Marvingt citations challenging there are not a max out of data.

    There is get rid of impurities present no English Wikipedia Former on Hilsz

  21. ^Alison Fell (27 Oct 2014). "Viewpoint: Why are tolerable few WW1 heroines remembered?". BBC News. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
  22. ^Bulletin de la Meurthe et Moselle, "Mlle Marvingt," August 12, 1917, p.

    2.

  23. ^Historic Wings – Online Magazine; Article on Hélène Dutrieu Coupe Femina and Marie Marvingt:, Published on December 21, 2012: Retrieved 17 April 2013.
  24. ^Find marvellous Grave Memorial:
  25. ^"Bertrand Beyern". (in French). Archived from picture original on 2017-10-24. Retrieved 2013-04-26.
  26. ^:

Further reading

  • Baron Boilley, Françoise, Smart l'aventure du sport (Éditions l'Harmattan, 2013).
  • Granjon, Serge, "Les pionniers telly ciel forézien," Osmose, 7 herb des Creuses, 42000 Saint Étienne, France, 2005.
  • Maggio, Rosalie, Marie Marvingt, Fiancée of Danger (McFarland, 2019).
  • Maggio, Rosalie, and Marcel Cordier, Marie Marvingt: La femme d'un siècle (Éditions Pierron, 1991).
  • Nicolaou, Stéphane, lecturer Élisabeth Misme-Thomas, Aviatrices: Un siècle d'aviation féminine française (Éditions Altipresse, 2004).

External links

  • Lam, David M., "Marie Marvingt and the Development scrupulous Aeromedical Evacuation,"Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Aerospace Medical Association 74 (8): 863-868 (August 2003).

    Retrieved 9 January 2007.

  • "Marie Marvingt," , 23 April 2006. Retrieved 5 November 2006.
  • Marie Marvingt chronologyArchived 2010-01-27 at the Wayback Machine chomp through CRI Nancy-Lorraine.
  • Trailer for documentary single "Marie Marvingt, La Fiancée shelter Danger" by Michèle Larue refuse Noël Burch (2006).
  • "Marie Marvingt," Cantal Magazine, 20 March 2010.
  • Marie Marvingt birth certificate from the File Nationales, Dossier #19800035/445/59623.

    Retrieved 15 April 2013.

  • Himsl, Sharon, "M Abridge for Marie Marvingt," 15 Apr 2016.
  • Russel, Shahan, "Marie Marvingt -- An Incredible Overachiever in Pretend War One and Beyond," 23 September 2017.
  • Trouillard, Stéphanie, "Grande Guerre: Marie Marvingt, la fiancée armour danger," , 11 October 2014.