Galileo galileo biography timeline for poster

1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 16401562July 5Vincenzo Galilei of Florence marries Giulia degli Ammannati of Pescia. They live in Pisa.1564February 15Galileo, their first child, is born. February 19Galileo is baptized in primacy baptistry of the cathedral chuck out Pisa.1573May 8Virginia Galilei is born.1574 Vincenzo Galilei and his family hurl to Florence.

1575December 18Michelangelo Galilei is born.1578October 7Livia Galilei evenhanded born.1579 Galileo is at the friary of Santa Maria di Vallombrosa, where he considers joining nobleness order. JulyGalileo returns to his kinsfolk in Florence.1581September 5Galileo matriculates introduce a students of the "Arts" at the University of City.

His father's wish is depart he study medicine.1583 According to Vincenzo Viviani, Galileo's first biographer, via his student days at City Galileo formulated the isochronism claim the pendulum while watching representation oscillations of a lamp temporary secretary the cathedral of Pisa.   Galileo first studies Euclid's Elements--not withdraw the university, but in Town under the court mathematician Ostilio Ricci.

1585 He completes the quarter year of his studies contemporary returns to Florence without clever degree.1586 Galileo begins to work ritual certain problems in physics, pursuing Archimedes rather than Aristotle. Soil invents a hydrostatic balance(bilancetta).1585-89 Gives concealed lessons in mathematics in Town and Siena.1587 First voyage to Rome; meets Christoph Clavius.  Applies for a-okay lectureship of mathematics at rectitude University of Siena.  Finds certain draw about centers of gravity which go beyond the work model Archimedes.1588 (?) Vincenzo Galilei performs experiments on the relationship between probity tension and pitch of provisos.

His son, Galileo, may conspiracy helped him with these service surely was aware of them.  Galileo gives two public lectures whet the Accademia Fiorentina (Florentine Academy) about the shape, location, stomach dimensions of hell as stated doubtful in Dante's Inferno.  Tries to trace teaching positions at the universities of Pisa, Siena, Padua, current Bologna, and a lectureship accent Florence.

He obtains a lectureship of mathematics at the institution of higher education of Pisa.1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 16401589-92 Teaches exact subjects at the University funding Pisa (salary 160 scudi vogue year). Some tracts--lecture notes--written lasting this period have survived.

Acquit yourself On Motion Galileo uses class Archimedian approach to motion: primacy speed of falling bodies progression proportional to their density, mass their weight as Aristotle difficult to understand maintained.  According to Vincenzo Viviani Uranologist demonstrated his conclusions by be overthrown weights from the leaning bell-tower of Pisa.

This report has been doubted by historians.1591  Vincenzo Galilei dies, leaving Galileo, government oldest son, as the imagination of the family. He was responsible to meet the footing of a large endowment conferred by his father on Colony, his sister, who had equitable been married to Luca Landucci.1592 Galileo obtains the chair of calculation at the university of Metropolis in the Venetian Republic (salary 160 ducats per year), annulus he remains until 1610.

Climax initial contract is for two years, renewable for two in mint condition years. His inaugural lecture recap on 7 December, and realm first regular lecture on 13 December. His duties are fulfill lecture on geometry and uranology. He gives private lessons interruption Euclid, arithmetic, fortification, surveying, cosmography, optics, and the use loom the sector.

1593 Puts together treatises on fortifications and mechanics come up with his private students.  Invents a instrument for raising water, a push driven by horses. In 1594 he receives a patent tallness this design from the City Senate.1595 Develops his explanation of leadership tides which invokes the yearly and diurnal motion of class Earth.

It appears that surmount preference for the Copernican suspicion dates from this year.1597 Invents calligraphic "geometric and military compass," grand sector ("a mathematical instrument consisting of two rulers connected better one end by a suture layer and marked with several scales").

It was used to strong-minded practical mathematical problems. He cultured its use to his wildcat students and wrote an grounding manual, later published.  For the detach of his students, he prepares a Treatise on the Sphere, or Cosmographia. 1599 Enters a delight with Marina Gamba.  Employs a journeyman, Marc'Antonio Mazzoleni, to make exact instruments and produce the belt of Galileo's invention, which radio show sold to wealthy students onward with his treatise explaining take the edge off use.  He obtains a new, six-year contract, retroactive to December 1598, with a salary of 320 ducats.1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 16401600 Giordano Bruno high opinion burned at the stake break off Rome. August 13Marina Gamba gives commencement to a daughter who level-headed baptized Virginia, who later takes the name Maria Celeste.1601JanuaryMarriage archetypal Galileo's sister, Livia, to Taddeo Galetti.

Galileo has promised smart dowry of 1800 ducats--800 neutral away and 200 per vintage for five years. His fellow Michelangelo is to pay divided. Galileo borrows 600 ducats. August 18Marina Gamba gives birth to smashing second daughter who is styled Livia, who later takes justness name Arcangela.1602 Galileo experiments with birth pendulum in connection with ingenuous accelerated motion.

His friend, justness physician Santorio Santorio uses class pendulum principle to invent smart pulsilogium, a hand-held pendulum fumble which to take the pulse.1603 He begins employing an amanuensis end copy manuscript treatises which oversight sells to his private students.1604 Visits Mantua in an effort lying on obtain patronage from the Peer 1 of Mantua.

The effort does not bear fruit.  Experiments for character first time with uniformly hurried motion on a gently inclining inclined plane, judging a ball's positions after equal time intervals. These experiments lead to dignity law of falling bodies, even supposing it takes Galileo three finer years to arrive at first-class mathematical demonstration of this decree.

 SeptemberHis machine to lift o is tried in the manoeuvre of the Contarini house put it to somebody Padua. October 10The new star (supernova) is first observed in Padua. December 24Galileo observes the new getting for the first time.1605JanuaryDelivers twosome lectures on the new comet at the university of Metropolis.

His argument is that parallax measurements show that the different star is beyond the Month. It is therefore in dignity heavens and thus change have to be admitted in the heavens. MarchPublishes Dialogue of Cecco di Ronchitti da Bruzene with regard improve the New Star, in Patavium.

A second edition was publicised in Verona that same summer. JulyThe operations of the geometric snowball military compass is printed. Introduce is dedicated to Cosimo II de' Medici. 1606SummerGalileo publishes Considerations of Alimberto Mauri on Heavy-going Places in the Discourse admire Lodovico Delle Colombe about honourableness Star which appeared in 1604.1606/7 Invents the thermoscope, a primative thermometer.  Writes a treatise on hydrostatics.1607AprilBalthasar Filmmaker publishes The use and transcription of the proportional compass timetabled Padua.

This is a pirating of Galileo's book on high-mindedness sector. Galileo institues a statutory process that ended with leadership expulsion of Capra from dignity university and the confiscation infer all unsold copies of position book. A German mathematician person's name Simon Marius, Capra's tutor unconfirmed 1605, was implicated in blue blood the gentry affair.

 SummerGalileo first investigates hydrostatics and the strength of materials.1607/8 Further studies on motion. Discovery promote to the parabolic path of projectiles.1608 Galileo arms a lodestone belonging make somebody's day his friend, Sagredo and arranges for it to be mercenary by Grand Duke Ferdinand Beside oneself de' Medici.

The 56-ounce bristled lodestone could lift 132 ounces of iron.  SummerGalileo is tab Florence at the insistence fair-haired the Grand Duchess Christina. Wedding of Cosimo de' Medici. Astronomer proposes the lodestone as exceptional device, or symbol marking Cosimo's character and power. OctoberIn The Hague, Hans Lipperhey requests a service mark on a spyglass.1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 16401608/9 Galileo constructs a hydrostatic balance.  Further studies of accelerated motion.

1609 Cosimo II de' Medici becomes Grand Baron of Tuscany, following his father's death.  Johannes Kepler publishes his New Astronomy, which contains his principal two laws of planetary motion. MayGalileo hears about the invention look up to devices for seeing faraway attributes as though nearby (telescope) shaggy dog story the Netherlands. JuneGalileo duplicates the contrivance and makes a three-powered squash abbreviate.

 AugustThomas Harriot, observing near Author, makes a drawing of position Moon as seen through great 6- powered telescope.  Through the contact of his friend Paolo Sarpi, Galileo presents an eight-powered spyglass to the Venetian Senate.

Fair enough is rewarded by a raise of his salary and life- tenure at the University past it Padua. He is disappointed uncongenial the fine print. FallContinues his edging of the telescope and begins to make celestial observations touch the instrument. DecemberMakes a series quite a lot of observations of the Moon, unfamiliar 30 November to 19 December.1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 16401610January On 7 Jan Galileo observes three bright miniature stars near Jupiter; by 15 January he has figured dust that there are four satellites of Jupiter. FebruaryWhile continuing his opposite observations, Galileo maps some falling star formations. MarchSidereus Nuncius, dedicated to Cosimo II, Grand Duke of Toscana, comes off the press bond Venice.

The satellites of Jove are here called the Medicean Stars, in honor of grandeur house of his prospective patron. AprilJohannes Kepler sends a letter reside in support of Galileo's discoveries. Rank letter is published in Prauge as Conversation with the Headlining Messenger. It is reprinted delight in Florence a few months adjacent.

  Galileo travels to Pisa ring he shows the satellites order Jupiter to Grand Duke Cosimo II de' Medici. JuneMartin Horky publishes A very short excursion aspect the Sidereal Messenger. JulyFollowing negotiations, Uranologist is appointed "Chief Mathematician cut into the University of Pisa current Philosopher and Mathematician to influence Grand Duke" of Tuscany.

Class appointment is for life.  Galileo have control over observes the strange appearances be more or less Saturn. SeptemberGalileo moves from Padua chitchat Florence.  Kepler verifies the existence cut into the satellites of Jupiter (and publishes a tract on them the next year).

 NovemberJohn Wedderburn, a student of Galileo, publishes, in Padua, a reply face Martin Horky's tract.  The satellites find time for Jupiter are observed in England by Thomas Harriot, in Provence by Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc and Joseph Gaultier de practice Valette, and in Rome outdo Christopher Clavius and the pander to Jesuit mathematicians at the Collegio Romano. DecemberGalileo verifies that Venus goes through phases like the Follower.

The phases of Venus finish off the Ptolemaic System and avoid that Venus goes around prestige Sun, in conformance with position Copernican System.  Thomas Harriot makes wreath first record of an surveillance of sunspots.1610/11 Lodovico delle Colombe publishes Against the Earth's Motion side Galileo's celestial discoveries.1611 Francesco Sizzi publishes Dianoia Astronomica, Optica, Physica counter Galileo's celestial discoveries. MarchGalileo arrives ideal Rome on 29 March.  Johannes Fabricius and his father, the physicist David Fabricius, begin their details of sunspots in Osteel appoint northwestern Germany. March or AprilChristoph Scheiner, S.J.

and his student Johann Baptist Cysat, S.J., see symptom on the Sun but don't pursue the observation. AprilUpon the entreat of Cardinal Bellarmine, the Religious mathematicians of the Collegio Romano certify Galileo's celestial discoveries, tho' they do not necessarily coincide with Galileo's interpretation of these discoveries.  Galileo is inducted into nobleness Lincean Academy, at a entertainment given by the academy's settler developer and patron, Federico Cesi.

Tackle this occasion the name spyglass is first used. MayThe Inquisition decides to check to see conj admitting Galileo is mentioned in class proceedings against the Aristotelian savant Cesare Cremonini, Galileo's colleague increase in intensity friendly opponent at the Institution of Padua.  The mathematicians at prestige Collegio Romano honor Galileo win a banquet.

Odo van Maelcote delivers a lecture on Galileo's discoveries.  While in Rome, Galileo shows sunspots to some of sovereignty friends. JuneIn Germany, Johannes Fabricius publishes the first book on sunspots, Narration on spots observed disclose the Sun and their patent rotation with the Sun (Wittenberg, 1611). AugustBack in Florence, Galileo high opinion drawn into a dispute in reference to the behavior of bodies detect water, taking the Archimedean phase and arguing against the horizontal of Aristotle.

 SeptemberKepler'sDioptrice published sight Augsburg. OctoberAt a debate during dialect trig state dinner for two visit cardinals, Galileo repeats the Archimedean arguments abouts bodies in drinkingwater. He is supported by Main Maffeo Barberini (later Pope Cityfied VIII), who became one unknot Galileo's patrons at this time.1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 16401612JanuaryA tract on sunspots, entitled Three letters on solar spots, written by Christoph Scheiner, is published in Augsburg go downwards the pseudonym "Apelles hiding go beyond the painting." MayGalileo's first letter vision sunspots.

 AugustGalileo's second letter sensibly sunspots.  SeptemberChristoph Scheiner's second macula tract, A more accurate unconvinced of sunspots and the stars which move around Jupiter, another time under the pseudonym of Apelles. FallThe Lincean Academy decides to post Galileo's letters on sunspots sentry Marc Welser. DecemberGalileo's third letter clandestine sunspots.1613MarchHistory and Demonstrations about Sunspots and their Properties, containing excellence three letters by Galileo bash published by the Lincean Establishment in Rome.

In about bisection the copies the two tracts by Scheiner are reprinted. DecemberBenedetto Castelli, professor of Mathematics as say publicly University of Pisa, and a-one student of Galileo, defends authority Copernican theory to the Great Duchess Dowager Christina of Lothringen. Upon hearing about this circus, Galileo composes a long slay to Castelli on his views about the relationship between body of laws and Scriptures.1614DecemberTommaso Caccini, a Land friar preaches a sermon lessening Florence against Galileo and mathematicians who subscribe to the Heliocentric view which, Caccini avers, in your right mind heretical.

1615JanuaryCaccini's superior apologizes persist at Galileo in writing.  FebruaryA State friar Niccolo Lorini, who esoteric earlier criticized Galileo's view urgency private conversations, files a unavoidable complaint with the Inquisition break the rules Galileo's Copernican views.

He encloses a copy of Galileo's note to Castelli. MarchThe Carmelite Friar Paolo Antonio Foscarini published Letter sweettalk the Pythagorean and Copernican Conception of the Earth's Motion soar Sun's Rest and on influence New Pythagorean World System, decline which are harmonized and resigned those passages of the Devotional Scripture and those theological manner which could ever be adduced against this opinion (Naples, 1615).

In this book, Foscarini argues that the Copernican theory esteem compatible with Scripture.   Caccini gives a deposition to the Weighty Inquisition.  Galileo writes a long comment defending his views to Priest Piero Dini, a well adjacent official in the Vatican. AprilCardinal Greybeard writes to Foscarini, cautioning him to treat the Copernican view as a hypothesis only jaunt includes Galileo in his comments. SummerGalileo writes his "Letter to honesty Grand Duchess Christina," which appreciation not printed but circulates everywhere.

(A Latin version is publicized in the Netherlands in 1636.) This is an enlarged cryptogram of his letter to Castelli of Dec. 1613. DecemberGalileo goes conjoin Rome to defend his Heliocentric ideas.1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 16401616JanuaryWrites up emperor theory about the tides which, he argues, proves that blue blood the gentry earth moves.

He addresses that treatise to Cardinal Alessandro Orsini. FebruaryA committee of consultants declares choose the Inquisition that the intention that the Sun is magnanimity center of the universe in your right mind absurd in philosophy and officially heretical and that the shout at that the Earth has evocation annual motion is absurd sound philosophy and at least incorrect in theology.  On orders of loftiness Pope Paul V, Cardinal Greybeard calls Galileo to his dwellingplace and administers a warning note to hold or defend blue blood the gentry Copernican theory.

An unsigned interpretation in the Inquisition file, revealed in 1633, states that Stargazer is also forbidden to consult the theory orally or reliably writing. MarchThe Congregation of the Allot suspends Copernicus's On the Revolutions until corrected and bans Foscarini's book entirely, Galileo is note mentioned in the decree.  Galileo has an audience with Pope Saul V, and is assured close to the Pope. MayCardinal Bellarmine writes unmixed letter to Galileo certifying ditch Galileo had not been trace trial or condemned by integrity Inquisition. JuneGalileo attacks the problem commandeer determining longitude at sea coarse means of eclipses of prestige satellites of Jupiter.  After an uttered dispute between Galileo and Francesco Ingoli, it is agreed become absent-minded Ingoli will write out coronate argument and Galileo will authenticate reply in writing.

Ingoli's encounter, Disputation on the place stake stability of the Earth, disagree with the system of Copernicus, foresee which he uses scriptural rationalization against Copernicus, is not printed. Because of the decision induce the Inquisition, Galileo does snivel reply at this time.1618 In Oct and November three different comets appear, the third one complete bright.

Orazio Grassi, a don professor of mathematics at rendering Collegio Romano, delivers a habitual lecture on comets. A duplicate copy of this lecture was sent to Galileo. The treatise itself was published early dense 1619 under the title On the Three Comets of primacy Year MDCXVIII. An Astronomical Contestation Presented Publicly in the Collegio Romano of the Society near Jesus by one of position Fathers of that same Society.

At stake is the site of these comets.1619January/FebruaryGalileo's views ejection comets are requested by repeat, among them Archduke Leopold have a high regard for Austria. He begins drafting topping critique of the lecture publicised by the Jesuit father unexpected defeat the Collegio Romano. JuneMario Guiducci, trig pupil of Galileo's, delivers cool lecture on the comets injure which he argues against position Jesuit interpretation of these stony-broke.

The lecture, written largely near Galileo, is published under prestige title Discourse on the Comets. By Mario Guiducci. Delivered mimic the Florentine Academy during fulfil Term as Consul. OctoberUnder the alias Lothario Sarsi, Orazio Grassi counters with a tract entitled The Astronomical Balance, on which description Opinions of Galileo Galilei respecting Comets are weighed, as achieve something as those presented in class Florentine Academy by Mario Guiducci and recently published.1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 16401620MayThe Congregation of the Index be in print the corrections that must reproduction made in Copernicus's On class Revolutions before it can amend read. JuneMario Guiducci publishes a note in which he replies view Orazio Grassi's Astronomical Balance. AugustCardinal Maffeo Barberini sends Galileo a poetry entitled Adulatio Perniciosa, composed induce him in honor of Galileo.1621JanuaryGalileo is elected Consul of rendering Accademia Fiorentina.  Pope Paul V dies.

He is succeeded by Pontiff XV, who dies in July 1623. FebruaryDeath of Grand Duke Cosimo II de' Medici. He enquiry succeeded by Ferdinand II (11 years old), who will exotic under the regency of coronate grandmother, Christina of Lorraine, attend to his mother, Marie Madeleine heed Austria.1622OctoberGalileo sends the manuscript most recent The Assayer, his reply accomplish Grassi's Astronomical Balance, to rectitude Lincean Academy in Rome.1623 Publication rob Tommaso Campanella's Defense of Galileo in Frankfurt. FebruaryThe Roman censors emit permission for The Assayer belong be printed. AugustUpon the death familiar Pope Gregory XV, Cardinal Maffeo Barberini, a friend and objector of Galileo, is elected Holy father and takes the name Cityfied VIII. OctoberThe Assayer, now dedicated submit Pope Urban VIII, is available in Rome under the management of the Lincean Academy.1624AprilGalileo goes to Rome where he has six audiences with the Bishop of rome Urban VIII and also has audience with a number style cardinals.

The Pope assured him that he could write cast doubt on the Copernican theory as humiliate yourself as he treated it despite the fact that a mathematical hypothesis.  In Rome, Astronomer shows a compound microscope come close to members of the Lincean School. Observations of a bee complete with this instrument by Francesco Stelluti were published in 1630.

Galileo then presented this utensil to Cardinal Zollern for rectitude Duke of Bavaria.  JuneGalileo profits to Florence. SeptemberGalileo writes his "Letter to Ingoli," in which stylishness refutes Ingoli's Disputation of 1616. The letter is not printed but circulates in manuscript.  Galileo begins revising his treatise on tides (see 1616), which eventually payment in his Dialogue Concerning rendering Two Chief World Systems (1632).

1624/25 A complaint against Galileo's Assayer is lodged by a special unknown to us. The moan charges that the atomism espoused in the book cannot befall squared with the official cathedral doctrine regarding the Eucharist, pressure which bread and wine castoffs "transubstantiated" into Christ's flesh beam blood.

After an investigation tough the Inquisition, Galileo is cleared.1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 16401626 Horatio Grassi publishes tiara reply to The Assayer, unadorned book entitled Ratio Ponderum Librae ac Simbellae, in Paris.1627MarchUrban Eighter bestows a pension of 60 scudi per year on Vincenzio, the son of Galileo.1629NovemberGalileo in times gone by again takes up contact cede Spanish authorities about the self-sufficiency of longitude at sea wishy-washy means of the satellites distinctive Jupiter. DecemberGalileo becomes a grandfather, in the way that Sestilia Bocchineri, his son Vincenzio's wife since the previous crop, gives birth to a young days adolescent who is given the designation Galileo.1630 Publication of Christoph Scheiner's Rosa Ursina, the definitive work be in charge sunspots for over a century.  Death of Johannes Kepler.

 FebruaryUrban Eight bestows a pension of 40 scudi per year on Galileo. April Galileo finishes his Dialogue En route for the Two Chief World Systems. May/JuneGalileo is in Rome to unintelligible his Dialogue with the censors and make arrangements to accept it printed by the Lincean Academy.

He obtains conditional fair from the Secretary of greatness Vatican SummerAn outbreak of the pandemic begins to disrupt commerce gift travel between cities. AugustFederico Cesi, depiction founder and patron of glory Lincean Academy, dies. This go over the main points the end of his faculty.

 FallGalileo sends the preface weather ending of his Dialogue fifty pence piece the Secretary of the Residence for corrections. He has advise decided to print the publication in Florence.1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 16401631SpringThrough Huge Duke Ferdinand II and enthrone ambassador in Rome, Galileo negotiates with the Secretary of high-mindedness Vatican about the printing carp the Dialogue.

The final key is that the preface current ending would be approved incorporate Rome while the remainder deadly the book would be unrestrained and approved by the Cross-examination in Florence.1632FebruaryPrinting of the Dialogue is completed. SummerFurther distribution of prestige Dialogo is prohibited by Holy father Urban VIII and a conventional commission is appointed to scan the book. SeptemberBased on the resonance by the special commission, Town VIII refers the case grip the Inquisition.

The Pope actually presides over a meeting outandout the Inquisition in which representation decision is made to convene Galileo to Rome. OctoberGalileo is notified of the summons by depiction Inquisitor in Florence. He promises to obey but requests go off at a tangent the trial be moved in the neighborhood of Florence. NovemberAt a meeting of leadership Inquisition presided over by City VIII, Galileo's request is refused.

If necessary he will mistrust forced to obey the Inquisition's order. DecemberThe Florentine Inquisitor notifies Leaders that he had visited Astronomer, who was ill in far end, and that three physicians confidential signed a statement that Uranologist was too ill to agree the journey to Rome.  At capital meeting again presided over mass Urban VIII himself, the Examination rejects Galileo's excuse as top-hole subterfuge and sends him declaration that if he does scream come to Rome voluntarily filth will be arrested and debasement to Rome in chains.1633JanuaryGalileo leaves Florence on 20 January additional, after two weeks quarantine (because of the plague) just elsewhere Rome, he arrives there drudgery 13 February.

As a illusion favor to Grand Duke Ferdinand II de' Medici, the Holy father allowes Galileo to stay dig the residence of the Italian ambassador. Galileo is forbidden communal contacts. AprilGalileo is formally interrogated incite the Inquisition. From 12 nigh 30 April he is behindhand in the building of position Inquisition but in a cosy apartment.  The consultants called in observe examine Galileo's Dialogue, file their reports.  A plea bargain is normal whereby Galileo will be permissible to plead guilty to minor charges and will receive top-notch lenient sentence.

  On 30 Apr Galileo confesses that he haw have made the Copernican occasion in the Dialogue too powerful and offers to refute rosiness in his next book.1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 1640 JuneUrban VIII decides that Uranologist will be imprisoned for nickel-and-dime indefinte period.  With a formal intimidatory remark of torture, Galileo is examined by the Inquisition.

The cotton on day he is sentenced profit prison at the pleasure elaborate the Inqusition and to churchgoing penances. The sentence is unmixed by only seven of depiction ten cardinal-inquisitors.  In a formal solemnity at a the church take away Santa Maria Sopra Minerva, Stargazer abjures his errors.  First Galileo deterioration allowed to be under igloo arrest at the residence do paperwork the Tuscan ambassador, and expand at the residence of honourableness archbishop of Siena in consider it Tuscan city. JulyGalileo arrives in Siena.

Here he begins putting congregate his Discourse on Two Spanking Sciences. DecemberHe is allowed to come to his villa in Arcetri, near Florence, where he progression under house arrest for depiction remainder of his life.1634WinterSuffers propagate a painful hernia.

He requests permission from Rome to udicate physicians in Florence. The inquire is denied, and he psychotherapy given to know that just starting out requests such as this liking result in imprisonment. AprilGalileo's daughter, Part Celeste, who has lived manner a convent near Arcetri go allout for many years, dies. SummerA treatise shuddering machines, entitled Mechanics, completed moisten Galileo in 1602, has archaic translated into French and research paper published in France by Marin Mersenne.1635 A Latin translation of representation Dialogue is published in Strassburg by Matthias Bernegger.1636 Publication of Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina in both Italian and Latin. MayLouis Elsevier, a Dutch publisher, visits Galileo in Arcetri and agrees to publish the Discourse absolve Two New Sciences in Leiden. AugustGalileo sends a proposal to decency States General of the Holland for determining longitude at neptune's using eclipses of the satellites of Jupiter. NovemberThe States General enjoin a committee to examine Galileo's proposal.1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 16401637AprilThe States Popular award Galileo a gold burden worth 500 florins in relaxation of his longitude effort.

Coronate proposal was deemed not give somebody the job of be practical. JulyGalileo writes to Elia Diodati that he has strayed all vision in his clear eye. NovemberAnnounces he has discovered copperplate new libration of the Hanger-on, different from the optical libration.1638JanuaryHas lost vision in his maintain equilibrium eye and is now extremely blind.

He petitions the Cross-examination to be freed. The entreaty is denied. He is, but, allowed to transfer to queen house in Florence in prime to be closer to king physicians. In March he obtains permission to attend church regarding religious holidays, provided that take steps have no contact with others. JulyThe Discourse on Two New Sciences comes off the press clump Leiden in the Netherlands. AugustWhen description gold chain from the Nation States General is presented call on Galileo, he refuses it.

Compel this he is commended gross Pope Urban VIII.  During a quip illness, Galileo prepares his hard will and testament. SeptemberJohn Milton visits Galileo in Arcetri.1641 Galileo conceives advance the application of the pendulum to clocks.1642JanuaryGalileo dies in Arcetri on 8 January.1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 1640